Resistance (Ω) as measured by the Green Multimeter Temp. (°C) Heating Element Resistive Wire Copper Wire ± .5 ± .05 ± .05 ± .05 126 18.9 17.0 18.8 114 19.0 16.9 18.6 105 18.7 16.7 18.0 95 19.0 16.9 17.7 85 18.9 16.9 17.1 76 19.0 16.9 16.4 65 19.0 16.9 15.9 55 19.0 16.8 15.3 46 18.9 16.7 14.7 36 18.9 16.7 14.1 23 19.0 16.7 13.4 Resistance (Ω) as measured by the Green Multimeter Temp. (°C) Heating Element Temp. (°C) Resistive Wire Temp. (°C) Copper Wire ± .5 ± .05 ± .5 ± .05 ± .5 ± .05 126 18.9 126 17.0 126 18.8 114 19.0 114 16.9 114 18.6 105 18.7 105 16.7 105 18.0 95 19.0 95 16.9 95 17.7 85 18.9 85 16.9 85 17.1 76 19.0 76 16.9 76 16.4 65 19.0 65 16.9 65 15.9 55 19.0 55 16.8 55 15.3 46 18.9 46 16.7 46 14.7 36 18.9 36 16.7 36 14.1 23 19.0 23 16.7 23 13.4 Resistance (Ω) as measured by the Red Multimeter with all Data Resistance (Ω) as measured by the Red Multimeter Excluding Outlier Temp. (°C) Heating Element Resistive Wire Copper Wire Temp. (°C) Heating Element Resistive Wire Copper Wire ± .5 ± .05 ± .05 ± .05 ± .5 ± .05 ± .05 ± .05 124 18.1 15.9 17.7 124 112 18.3 16.3 17.9 112 104 20.1 17.9 19.3 104 20.1 17.9 19.3 94 20.0 17.9 18.7 94 20.0 17.9 18.7 85 19.9 17.8 17.9 85 19.9 17.8 17.9 76 19.6 17.7 17.2 76 19.6 17.7 17.2 65 19.7 17.5 16.5 65 19.7 17.5 16.5 55 19.5 17.3 15.9 55 19.5 17.3 15.9 46 19.5 17.3 15.3 46 19.5 17.3 15.3 36 19.3 17.1 14.6 36 19.3 17.1 14.6 25 19.2 16.9 13.6 25 19.2 16.9 13.6 Resistance (Ω) as measured by the Red Multimeter Excluding Outliers Temp. (°C) Heating Element Temp. (°C) Resistive Wire Temp. (°C) Copper Wire ± .5 ± .05 ± .5 ± .05 ± .5 ± .05 124 124 124 112 112 112 104 20.1 104 17.9 104 19.3 94 20.0 94 17.9 94 18.7 85 19.9 85 17.8 85 17.9 76 19.6 76 17.7 76 17.2 65 19.7 65 17.5 65 16.5 55 19.5 55 17.3 55 15.9 46 19.5 46 17.3 46 15.3 36 19.3 36 17.1 36 14.6 25 19.2 25 16.9 25 13.6 Resistance by Calculation V = IR Heating Element Resistive Wire Copper Wire Consolidated Data Temp. (°C) Multimeter Voltage (Gr.) Current (mA) (Red) Resistane (Ω) Multimeter Voltage (Gr.) Current (mA) (Red) Resistane (Ω) Multimeter Voltage (Gr.) Current (mA) (Red) Resistane (Ω) Temp. (°C) Heating Element Resistive Wire Copper Wire ± .5 ± .05 ± 3 ± .1 ± .05 ± 3 ± .1 ± .05 ± 3 ± .1 ± .5 ± .1 ± .1 ± .1 122 5.36 282 19.0 5.25 316 16.6 5.15 276 18.7 122 19.0 16.6 18.7 114 5.21 277 18.8 5.05 305 16.6 5.10 275 18.5 114 18.8 16.6 18.5 101 4.91 260 18.9 5.01 300 16.7 5.25 292 18.0 101 18.9 16.7 18.0 93 4.75 254 18.7 4.36 264 16.5 5.00 289 17.3 93 18.7 16.5 17.3 84 4.05 219 18.5 4.70 285 16.5 4.97 296 16.8 84 18.5 16.5 16.8 75 5.26 280 18.8 4.91 292 16.8 4.95 305 16.2 75 18.8 16.8 16.2 65 4.76 253 18.8 4.63 270 17.1 4.73 306 15.5 65 18.8 17.1 15.5 54 3.84 205 18.7 5.18 312 16.6 4.95 329 15.0 54 18.7 16.6 15.0 45 3.74 200 18.7 5.34 321 16.6 5.17 355 14.6 45 18.7 16.6 14.6 36 4.75 252 18.8 3.46 210 16.5 4.82 345 14.0 36 18.8 16.5 14.0 23 5.14 274 18.8 4.82 292 16.5 4.68 355 13.2 23 18.8 16.5 13.2 Resistance (Ω) Temp. (°C) Heating Element Temp. (°C) Resistive Wire Temp. (°C) Copper Wire ± .5 ± .05 ± .5 ± .05 ± .5 ± .05 122 19.0 122 16.6 122 18.7 114 18.8 114 16.6 114 18.5 101 18.9 101 16.7 101 18.0 93 18.7 93 16.5 93 17.3 84 18.5 84 16.5 84 16.8 75 18.8 75 16.8 75 16.2 65 18.8 65 17.1 65 15.5 54 18.7 54 16.6 54 15.0 45 18.7 45 16.6 45 14.6 36 18.8 36 16.5 36 14.0 23 18.8 23 16.5 23 13.2 Temp. (°C) Heating Element Resistive Wire Copper Wire ± 2 ± .05 ± .05 ± .1 Average Uncertainty ± .05 ± .05 ± .1 Average Uncertainty ± .05 ± .05 ± .1 Average Uncertainty 124 18.9 18.1 19.0 18.7 0.45 17.0 15.9 16.6 16.5 0.55 18.8 17.7 18.7 18.4 0.55 112 19.0 18.3 18.8 18.7 0.35 16.9 16.3 16.6 16.6 0.30 18.6 17.9 18.5 18.3 0.35 104 18.7 20.1 18.9 19.2 0.70 16.7 17.9 16.7 17.1 0.60 18.0 19.3 18.0 18.4 0.66 94 19.0 20.0 18.7 19.2 0.65 16.9 17.9 16.5 17.1 0.69 17.7 18.7 17.3 17.9 0.70 85 18.9 19.9 18.5 19.1 0.70 16.9 17.8 16.5 17.1 0.65 17.1 17.9 16.8 17.3 0.55 76 19.0 19.6 18.8 19.1 0.41 16.9 17.7 16.8 17.1 0.44 16.4 17.2 16.2 16.6 0.49 65 19.0 19.7 18.8 19.2 0.44 16.9 17.5 17.1 17.2 0.30 15.9 16.5 15.5 16.0 0.52 55 19.0 19.5 18.7 19.1 0.38 16.8 17.3 16.6 16.9 0.35 15.3 15.9 15.0 15.4 0.43 46 18.9 19.5 18.7 19.0 0.40 16.7 17.3 16.6 16.9 0.33 14.7 15.3 14.6 14.9 0.37 36 18.9 19.3 18.8 19.0 0.23 16.7 17.1 16.5 16.8 0.31 14.1 14.6 14.0 14.2 0.31 25 19.0 19.2 18.8 19.0 0.22 16.7 16.9 16.5 16.7 0.20 13.4 13.6 13.2 13.4 0.21 Uncertainty Uncertainty Uncertainty 0.45 0.55 0.55 0.35 0.30 0.35 0.70 0.60 0.66 0.65 0.69 0.70 0.70 0.65 0.55 0.41 0.44 0.49 0.44 0.30 0.52 0.38 0.35 0.43 0.40 0.33 0.37 0.23 0.31 0.31 0.22 0.20 0.21