Difference between revisions of "Sample problem page"

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(Problem 10.)
 
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[[Main Page]] > [[User:Cmurray]] > [[Murray's Sand Box]] > Sample problem page <br /> <br />
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== Problems ==
 
== Problems ==
  
===1===
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===1. What force is needed to accelerate a child on a sled (total mass = 60.0 kg) at 1.15 m/s/s?===
'''What force is needed to accelerate a child on a sled (total mass = 60.0 kg) at 1.15 m/s/s?'''
 
 
:Assuming there is no friction, the any force we exert horizontally will be unbalanced, and so:
 
:Assuming there is no friction, the any force we exert horizontally will be unbalanced, and so:
 
:F = ma
 
:F = ma
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----
 
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===2===
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===2.===
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[[#top | Table of Contents]]
 
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===3===
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'''How much force is required to accelerate a 9.0-g object at 10,000 "g's" (say in a centrifuge)?'''
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===3. How much force is required to accelerate a 9.0-g object at 10,000 "g's" (say in a centrifuge)?===
:They give us m = 9.0 g = 9.0 x 10-3 kg, and a = 10,000 "g's" = 98000 m/s/s so:
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:They give us m = 9.0 g = 9.0 x 10<sup>-3</sup> kg, and a = 10,000 "g's" = 98000 m/s/s so:
 
:F = ma = (9.0 x 10-3 kg)(98000 m/s/s) = 882 N = 880 N
 
:F = ma = (9.0 x 10-3 kg)(98000 m/s/s) = 882 N = 880 N
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[[#top | Table of Contents]]
 
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===4===
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===4. ===
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[[#top | Table of Contents]]
 
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===Problem 5. What is the weight of a 66-kg astronaut (a) on Earth, (b) on the moon (g = 1.7 m/s²), (c) on Mars (g = 3.7 m/s²), (d) in outer space traveling at constant velocity?===  
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 +
===5. What is the weight of a 66-kg astronaut (a) on Earth, (b) on the moon (g = 1.7 m/s²), (c) on Mars (g = 3.7 m/s²), (d) in outer space traveling at constant velocity?===  
 
:Weight (the force of gravity that causes the gravitational acceleration must equal ma because of Newton's second law:
 
:Weight (the force of gravity that causes the gravitational acceleration must equal ma because of Newton's second law:
 
:on earth  F = ma = (66 kg)(9.80 m/s/s) = 646.8 N = 650 N
 
:on earth  F = ma = (66 kg)(9.80 m/s/s) = 646.8 N = 650 N
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:At a constant velocity in space: F = ma = (66 kg)(0) = 0 N = 0 N
 
:At a constant velocity in space: F = ma = (66 kg)(0) = 0 N = 0 N
 
:(Since the velocity is constant, there is no acceleration so they are weightless)
 
:(Since the velocity is constant, there is no acceleration so they are weightless)
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===Problem 6. ===
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===6. ===
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[[#top | Table of Contents]]
 
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===Problem 7. What average force is required to stop an 1100-kg car in 8.0 s if it is traveling at 90 km/h?===
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===7. What average force is required to stop an 1100-kg car in 8.0 s if it is traveling at 90 km/h?===
 
:First, notice that the initial velocity is given in km/hr, so let's first change that to m/s by dividing by 3.6:
 
:First, notice that the initial velocity is given in km/hr, so let's first change that to m/s by dividing by 3.6:
 
::90 km/hr/3.6 = 25 m/s
 
::90 km/hr/3.6 = 25 m/s
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:so now we can use Newton's second law
 
:so now we can use Newton's second law
 
:F = ma = (1100 kg)(-3.125 m/s/s) = -3437.5 N = -3400 N
 
:F = ma = (1100 kg)(-3.125 m/s/s) = -3437.5 N = -3400 N
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[[#top | Table of Contents]]
 
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===Problem 8. ===
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===8. ===
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[[#top | Table of Contents]]
 
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===9. A fisherman yanks a fish out of the water with an acceleration of 4.5 m/s<sup>2</sup> using very light fishing line that has a "test" value of 22 N.  The fisherman unfortunately loses the fish as the line snaps.  What can you say about the mass of the fish? ===
 
===9. A fisherman yanks a fish out of the water with an acceleration of 4.5 m/s<sup>2</sup> using very light fishing line that has a "test" value of 22 N.  The fisherman unfortunately loses the fish as the line snaps.  What can you say about the mass of the fish? ===
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:22 = 9.8m + 4.5m = 14.3m
 
:22 = 9.8m + 4.5m = 14.3m
 
:m = 22/14.3 = 1.538 kg = 1.5 kg
 
:m = 22/14.3 = 1.538 kg = 1.5 kg
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[[#top | Table of Contents]]
 
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===Problem 10. ===
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===10. ===
<p align = "right">[[#top | Table of Contents]]</p>
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[[#top | Table of Contents]]
 
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===Problem 11. What is the average force exerted by a shot-putter on 7.0-kg shot if the shot is moved through a distance of 2.8 m and is released with a speed of 13 m/s? ===
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===11. What is the average force exerted by a shot-putter on 7.0-kg shot if the shot is moved through a distance of 2.8 m and is released with a speed of 13 m/s? ===
  
We have a cute linear kinematics problem to solve first:
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:We have a cute linear kinematics problem to solve first:
s = 2.8 m
+
:s = 2.8 m
u = 0 (assumed)
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:u = 0 (assumed)
v = 13 m/s
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:v = 13 m/s
a = ???
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:a = ???
t = Don't care  
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:t = Don't care  
  
Use v2 = u2 + 2as,  a = 30.1786 m/s/s
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:Use v2 = u2 + 2as,  a = 30.1786 m/s/s
F = ma = (7.0 kg)(30.1786 m/s/s) = 211.25 = 210 N
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:F = ma = (7.0 kg)(30.1786 m/s/s) = 211.25 = 210 N
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[[#top | Table of Contents]]
 
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===Problem 12. ===
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===12. ===
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[[#top | Table of Contents]]
 
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===Problem 13. A 10-kg bucket is lowered by a rope in which there is 63 N of tension.  What is the acceleration of the bucket?  Is it up or down? ===
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===13. A 10-kg bucket is lowered by a rope in which there is 63 N of tension.  What is the acceleration of the bucket?  Is it up or down? ===
  
First calculate the weight:
+
:First calculate the weight:
F = ma = (10 kg)(9.80 m/s/s) = 98 N  
+
:F = ma = (10 kg)(9.80 m/s/s) = 98 N  
  
Now you have a force of 98 N down (-) and a force of 63 N up (+) and our F = ma looks like this if we make up  positive:
+
:Now you have a force of 98 N down (-) and a force of 63 N up (+) and our F = ma looks like this if we make up  positive:
<63 N - 98 N> = (10 kg) a
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:<63 N - 98 N> = (10 kg) a
a = -3.5 m/s/s (down)
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:a = -3.5 m/s/s (down)
(Table of contents)
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[[#top | Table of Contents]]
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===14. ===
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[[#top | Table of Contents]]
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===15. A 75-kg petty thief wants to escape from a third-story jail window,  Unfortunately, a makeshift rope made of sheets tied together can support a mass of only 58 kg.  How might the thief use this "rope" to escape?  Give quantitative answer.===
  
15. A 75-kg petty thief wants to escape form a third-story jail window,  Unfortunately, a makeshift rope made of sheets tied together can support a mass of only 58 kg.  How might the thief use this "rope" to escape? Give quantitative answer.  
+
:If it can support a mass of 58 kg, the breaking force is the weight of 58 kg or (58 kg)(9.80 N/kg) = 568.4 NThis would be the maximum upward force the sheets could supply.
 +
:Mr. thief could accelerate downward at a constant rate, thereby reducing the tension in the sheets to this value.  So the thief would have 568.4 N of force upward (+), and his own weight (75 kg)(9.80N/kg) = 735 N down (-) and our F = ma looks like:
 +
:<568.4 N - 735 N> = (75 kg)a
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:a = -2.2213 m/s/s = -2.2 m/s/s. By accelerating downwards at 2.2 m/s/s
 +
[[#top | Table of Contents]]
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----
  
If it can support a mass of 58 kg, the breaking force is the weight of 58 kg or (58 kg)(9.80 N/kg) = 568.4 N.  This would be the maximum upward force the sheets could supply.
+
===16. ===
Mr. thief could accelerate downward at a constant rate, thereby reducing the tension in the sheets to this value.  So the thief would have 568.4 N of force upward (+), and his own weight (75 kg)(9.80N/kg) = 735 N down (-) and our F = ma looks like:
+
[[#top | Table of Contents]]
<568.4 N - 735 N> = (75 kg)a
+
----
a = -2.2213 m/s/s = -2.2 m/s/s.  By accelerating downwards at 2.2 m/s/s
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===17. The cable supporting a 2100-kg elevator has a maximum strength of 21,750 N.  What maximum upward acceleration can it gave the elevator without breaking? ===
(Table of contents)
+
:First calculate the weight:
 +
:F = ma = (2100 kg)(9.80 m/s/s) = 20580 N
  
17. The cable supporting a 2100-kg elevator has a maximum strength of 21,750 N.  What maximum upward acceleration can it gave the elevator without breaking?
+
:Now you have a force of 20580 N down (-) and a force of 21750 N up (+) and our F = ma looks like this if we make up  positive:
 
+
:<21750 N - 20580 N> = (2100 kg) a
First calculate the weight:
+
:a = +.557 m/s/s = +.56 m/s/s upward
F = ma = (2100 kg)(9.80 m/s/s) = 20580 N
+
[[#top | Table of Contents]]
 
+
----
Now you have a force of 20580 N down (-) and a force of 21750 N up (+) and our F = ma looks like this if we make up  positive:
 
<21750 N - 20580 N> = (2100 kg) a
 
a = +.557 m/s/s = +.56 m/s/s upward
 
(Table of contents)
 

Latest revision as of 12:44, 3 March 2009

Main Page > User:Cmurray > Murray's Sand Box > Sample problem page

Contents

Problems

1. What force is needed to accelerate a child on a sled (total mass = 60.0 kg) at 1.15 m/s/s?

Assuming there is no friction, the any force we exert horizontally will be unbalanced, and so:
F = ma
F = (60.0 kg)(1.15 m/s/s) = 69 N

Table of Contents


2.

Table of Contents


3. How much force is required to accelerate a 9.0-g object at 10,000 "g's" (say in a centrifuge)?

They give us m = 9.0 g = 9.0 x 10-3 kg, and a = 10,000 "g's" = 98000 m/s/s so:
F = ma = (9.0 x 10-3 kg)(98000 m/s/s) = 882 N = 880 N

Table of Contents


4.

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5. What is the weight of a 66-kg astronaut (a) on Earth, (b) on the moon (g = 1.7 m/s²), (c) on Mars (g = 3.7 m/s²), (d) in outer space traveling at constant velocity?

Weight (the force of gravity that causes the gravitational acceleration must equal ma because of Newton's second law:
on earth F = ma = (66 kg)(9.80 m/s/s) = 646.8 N = 650 N
on moon F = ma = (66 kg)(1.7 m/s/s) = 112.2 N = 110 N
on mars F = ma = (66 kg)(3.7 m/s/s) = 244.2 N = 240 N
At a constant velocity in space: F = ma = (66 kg)(0) = 0 N = 0 N
(Since the velocity is constant, there is no acceleration so they are weightless)

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6.

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7. What average force is required to stop an 1100-kg car in 8.0 s if it is traveling at 90 km/h?

First, notice that the initial velocity is given in km/hr, so let's first change that to m/s by dividing by 3.6:
90 km/hr/3.6 = 25 m/s
We have a cute linear kinematics problem to solve:
s = don't care
u = 90 km/hr/3.6 = 25 m/s
v = 0
a = ???
t = 8.0 s
Use v = u + at to find a:
v = u + at
0 = 25 m/s + a(8.0 s)
a = -3.125 m/s/s
so now we can use Newton's second law
F = ma = (1100 kg)(-3.125 m/s/s) = -3437.5 N = -3400 N

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8.

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9. A fisherman yanks a fish out of the water with an acceleration of 4.5 m/s2 using very light fishing line that has a "test" value of 22 N. The fisherman unfortunately loses the fish as the line snaps. What can you say about the mass of the fish?

The weight of the fish is F = ma = mg down (-) and there is a possible force of 22 N up (+), so our expression of Newton's second law looks like this (up is +) The acceleration of 4.5 m/s/s is also positive because it is up:
<22 N - mg> = m(+4.5 m/s/s)
<22 - 9.8m> = m(4.5)
22 = 9.8m + 4.5m = 14.3m
m = 22/14.3 = 1.538 kg = 1.5 kg

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10.

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11. What is the average force exerted by a shot-putter on 7.0-kg shot if the shot is moved through a distance of 2.8 m and is released with a speed of 13 m/s?

We have a cute linear kinematics problem to solve first:
s = 2.8 m
u = 0 (assumed)
v = 13 m/s
a = ???
t = Don't care
Use v2 = u2 + 2as, a = 30.1786 m/s/s
F = ma = (7.0 kg)(30.1786 m/s/s) = 211.25 = 210 N

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12.

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13. A 10-kg bucket is lowered by a rope in which there is 63 N of tension. What is the acceleration of the bucket? Is it up or down?

First calculate the weight:
F = ma = (10 kg)(9.80 m/s/s) = 98 N
Now you have a force of 98 N down (-) and a force of 63 N up (+) and our F = ma looks like this if we make up positive:
<63 N - 98 N> = (10 kg) a
a = -3.5 m/s/s (down)

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14.

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15. A 75-kg petty thief wants to escape from a third-story jail window, Unfortunately, a makeshift rope made of sheets tied together can support a mass of only 58 kg. How might the thief use this "rope" to escape? Give quantitative answer.

If it can support a mass of 58 kg, the breaking force is the weight of 58 kg or (58 kg)(9.80 N/kg) = 568.4 N. This would be the maximum upward force the sheets could supply.
Mr. thief could accelerate downward at a constant rate, thereby reducing the tension in the sheets to this value. So the thief would have 568.4 N of force upward (+), and his own weight (75 kg)(9.80N/kg) = 735 N down (-) and our F = ma looks like:
<568.4 N - 735 N> = (75 kg)a
a = -2.2213 m/s/s = -2.2 m/s/s. By accelerating downwards at 2.2 m/s/s

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16.

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17. The cable supporting a 2100-kg elevator has a maximum strength of 21,750 N. What maximum upward acceleration can it gave the elevator without breaking?

First calculate the weight:
F = ma = (2100 kg)(9.80 m/s/s) = 20580 N
Now you have a force of 20580 N down (-) and a force of 21750 N up (+) and our F = ma looks like this if we make up positive:
<21750 N - 20580 N> = (2100 kg) a
a = +.557 m/s/s = +.56 m/s/s upward

Table of Contents